International Journal of Advances In Case Reports

PREVALENCE OF TRANSFUSION TRANSMITTED DISEASES AMONG BLOOD DONORS AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN INDIA

Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia1, Amit Haritwal1, Puja2, Jharna Mishra3, Sandeep Ojha3

drrrajesh_72@rediffmail.com

Voluntary donors, Replacement donors, Blood transfusion, transfusion transmitted infection [TTI], Hepatitis B virus [HBV], Hepatitis C virus [HCV], Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV].

Aim of this study is conducted to evaluate the sero-prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, Syphlis and Malaria among blood donors in Bhopal along the duration of 3.5 years. All blood units received from replacement as well as voluntary blood donors were selected for the study at Chirayu medical college and Hospital associated blood bank , Bhopal, M.P., India during the period from February 2011toJuly 2014. Blood transfusion has become an essential part of treatment in number of medical or surgical emergencies. It is also true that blood transfusion is an important mode of transmission of infection to recipients. Present study was planned to know the prevalance of such infections among voluntary as well as replacement donors of this area. Screening of blood units was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for HIV, syphilis, malaria and hepatitis B and C. HIV testing was done using third generation ELISA kits. Syphilis was tested by latex agglutination assay and malaria was tested by using ELISA method (for malaria antigen). Any sample found reactive was retested for confirmation. Seropositive units were discarded. All records were collected from blood bank records maintained as per Drugs and Cosmetic Act of India. A 3.5 year retrospective study carried out at blood bank of Chirayu medical college Bhopal Madhya Pradesh. Study includes record of 2842 voluntary and 6718 replacement donors attending blood bank from February 2011 to July 2014. Overall TTIs prevalence in voluntary and replacement donors was 2.81% and 4.15% respectively in our study. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria was found to be 0.07%, 0.35%, 0.10%, 0.35%and 0.00% in voluntary blood donors while 0.11%, 2.67%, 0.47%, 1.78% and 0.00% being the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV , syphilis and Malaria in replacement blood donors. It is clear from these data that seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis in replacement blood donors is higher than that in voluntary blood donors.The highest seroprevalence was found in age group of 18-30(2.06%). A noticeable numbers of replacement donors harbor HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis infections. So strict selection of donors and proper testing of donor’s blood by using standard method is highly recommended to ensure safety for recipient. Efforts should be made to increase the number of voluntary donors and reduce replacement donations to a minimum.