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European journal of molecular biology and biochemistry

Volume 1, Issue 5, 2014
Mcmed International
European journal of molecular biology and biochemistry
Issn
2348 - 2192 (Print), 2348 - 2206 (Online)
Frequency
bi-annual
Email
editorejmbb@mcmed.us
Journal Home page
http://mcmed.us/journal/ejmbb
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Abstract
Title
PROBIOTICS – THE MODULATOR OF GUT HEALTH
Author
Rita Narayanan*
Email
ritanarayanan@yahoo.com
keyword
Probiotics, Gut, Microflora, Anaerobes.
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microflora is a very complex community. Within the gastrointestinal tract, different habitats have to be recognized, e.g. mouth, stomach, small intestine (especially lower jejunum and ileum) large intestine (caecum, colon) and rectum. More than 400 species within the intestinal microflora can be identified and may attain population levels nearly as high as 1012/g in the colon. Microflora of the gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in the anatomical, physiological, and immunological development of the host. It stimulates the immune system to respond rapidly to infection with pathogens and through bacterial antagonism it inhibits the colonisation of the gut by harmful or pathogenic bacteria. It consists of species belonging to the families Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Butyrivibrio, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium and Lactobacillus. Enteroccocus and Escherichia coli constitute less than 1% of all intestine microorganisms. Anaerobes dominate upon facultative anaerobes and micro aerophiles at the ratio of 1000:1. A dominant flora represents 90% of the population, essentially composed of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. The residual or fluctuating flora (less than 0.01%) of the population is more diversified and contains the potentially pathogenic species.
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