Acta Biomedica Scientia

THE IMPACT OF BODY COMPOSITION ON PERIODONTAL DISEASE SEVERITY IN ADULT MEN

Dr. Sonarkhan Deesha Devidas

Periodontal disease, Body composition, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Obesity, Bone mass

Overweight and obesity are known risk factors for several chronic diseases, including periodontal disease. While the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease has been explored, few studies have focused on the association between body composition and periodontal health in men. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition parameters and periodontal disease severity in adult men. Methods: A crosssectional analytic study was conducted involving 300 men aged 30-60 years. Participants were categorized into groups based on periodontal status: normal periodontium, gingivitis, initial periodontitis, and established periodontitis. Body composition variables including BMI, waist circumference, body water, body fat, skeletal muscle, and bone mass were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Periodontal status was assessed via gingival and plaque indices and clinical attachment loss. Statistical comparisons were made between groups with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: No significant differences in body composition were observed between men with normal periodontium and those with gingivitis. Significant differences in BMI, waist circumference, body water, body fat, skeletal muscle, and bone mass were found when comparing normal periodontium with both initial and established periodontitis groups (p < 0.01). Differences between gingivitis and periodontitis groups were also significant for most parameters except bone mass. No significant differences were noted between initial and established periodontitis groups, suggesting a plateau effect in body composition changes. Bone mass was notably lower in periodontitis compared to gingivitis, indicating systemic bone involvement. Conclusion: The severity of periodontal disease is associated with alterations in body composition, especially adiposity and musculoskeletal health, among men. These findings highlight the importance of considering systemic factors in periodontal assessment and support integrated medical-dental care to improve patient outcomes