European journal of molecular biology and biochemistry

INVESTIGATING HMGB1 PROTEIN IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS: AN IN-DEPTH IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Dr. Mohit Jindal

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), HMGB1 protein, Inflammation pathogenesis, ENT pathology, Immunohistochemistry

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory condition influenced by various immune and environmental factors. The nuclear protein HMGB1 has been implicated in inflammation pathogenesis, with its role in CRSwNP remaining under investigation. Objective: This collaborative study aimed to explore HMGB1 expression in CRSwNP patients and its association with inflammatory processes, particularly eosinophilic involvement, within the ENT region. Methods: Between 2014 and 2016, 42 nasal polyp tissue specimens were collected at Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunoor, Telangana, India. Participants included healthy controls, asthmatics, and patients with allergic rhinitis. Diagnoses followed the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps criteria. Clinical assessments, including symptom severity, endoscopic evaluations, and CT scans, were conducted. Immunohistochemical analysis of biopsy specimens assessed HMGB1, IL-5, and IL-16 expression. Statistical analyses were performed to correlate HMGB1 expression with eosinophilic infiltration and other inflammatory markers. Results: CRSwNP patients exhibited higher HMGB1 expression compared to controls, with significant localisation differences in epithelial cytoplasm, epithelial nuclei, and subepithelial areas. Eosinophilic CRSwNP showed increased HMGB1 in inflammatory cells but reduced subepithelial infiltration compared to non-eosinophilic cases. HMGB1 expression was associated with IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-?, indicating its role in CRSwNP pathogenesis. Conclusion: HMGB1 plays a crucial role in the inflammatory mechanisms of CRSwNP, particularly in eosinophilic infiltration. These findings enhance our understanding of CRSwNP pathogenesis and highlight potential therapeutic targets. Continued research on HMGB1 in ENT pathologies could improve diagnostic and treatment strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps