Acta Biomedica Scientia

IMPORTANCE OF HYPERURICEMIA IN DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSION

V. Bhanu Prasad

drvrvkk@gmail.com

Uric acid, Hyperuricemia, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension

Uric acid is a heterolytic Carbon compound and is the end product of Purine metabolism. It is catalyzed by the enzyme Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XO). It is an antioxidant which is known to cause gout and kidney calculi but emerging evidence, recently, has suggested that hyperuricemia may also have a role in the development and progression of many metabolic syndromes like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Cardiovascular manifestations (hypertension etc.,). Uric acid and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus are closely related, Hyperuricemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus have higher risk factors together than Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus alone. T2DM or, non insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus accounts for over 90% of the total cases of Diabetes worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to insulin resistance and can cause serious long- term complications if left untreated. It develops due to insufficient secretion of insulin from the beta cells of pancreatic islet cells. Causes of adult- onset diabetes is mostly genetic or due to obesity. It is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss. In severe or untreated cases it may cause serious complications like cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy etc. In case of hypertension, many epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that Hyperuricemia might have a direct role in causing Hypertension (Uric acid induced- hypertension). It is presumed that the renal microvasculature and tubulointerstitial injury play a major role in Uric Acid induced hypertension. There are several proposed mechanisms and clinical trials going on to assess whether uric acid plays an important role in the progression of such manifestations