American Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research

ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION OF ANTHOCYANIN’S AS NATURAL DYES FROM HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (KARKADE) AND ITS APPLICATION ON DYING FOODSTUFF AND BEVERAGES IN KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Hassan Abdalla Almahy*, Hamada H. Abdel-Razik, Yaser A. El-Badry and Elhadi M. Ibrahim

abuamna4@hotmail.com

Hibiscus sabdariffa, karkade, malvaceae, anthocyanin’s, foodstuff, beverages.

Dyes derived from natural resources have appeared as an important alternative to synthetic dyes. Therefore, there is a need to develop the techniques of extracting the best ingredients of solid and liquid for natural dyes colorants from plant materials and their application in the field of research. This is done through boiling and extraction of the dye anthocyanin from Hibiscus sabdariffa plant by solvents, such as: acidified methanol, water, ethanol and acetic acid. In this chemical survey, the extraction of natural colorant from Hibiscus sabdariffa plant has been studied. This study has relied on the extraction process. The extracted dye was then concentrated by rotary evaporator. Then analytical studies of the material extracted were conducted by UV-VIS spectroscopy and gravimetrical analysis so as to determine the structure of natural dyes extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa plant. Through the analysis of the results, it was found that the dye extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa plant of intense red color is anthocyanin (3, 5, 7- trihydroxyflavylium), then the plant-origin-dye, which is considered as one of the most multi-colored dyes, gain their importance from their very low percentage of toxics, as well as their bright and shiny colors. These natural dyes could also be used as an alternative source of artificial pigments that are characterized by their bright and multiple types and colors and their lack of stability when exposed to light, washing and contaminations from the environment. In addition to harmful effects of these dyes as some organic materials which are embedded in the synthetic dyes have side effects. The dying process depends on the type of bonds that arise between the dye and the material to be stained. Therefore some dyes exhibit defined affinities for binding with some specific materials, for example; animal tissues, cellulose fibers, silk or synthetic fibers, foodstuff and beverages. During staining the dye enters into the interspaces of the material to be stained and be absorbed through Van der Waals' forces, hydrogen bonding or some other chemical bonds, by eliminating some molecules such as H2O, HX, and NH3 .… etc. Therefore, we recommend extracting natural dyes from plant because it is effective in using, safely and anti-environmental application and it can be used in the industrial field especially for colorant of foodstuff and beverages in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.